IWebhu eMnyama/I-Intanethi: UFikelela njani kunye neeNgcebiso zoKhuseleko

Usenokuba uvile ngeWebhsayithi eNtsundu kumajelo eendaba okanye ngabantu ebomini bakho, kwaye unokulindela kwangaphambili ukuba yintoni na kwaye injani. Mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba yinkqantosi, inkunkuma yolwaphulo-mthetho egcwele abantu ukuze bafumane iinkcukacha zakho kwaye babe iinkcukacha zakho.

Ngelixa aba bantu bekhona kwaye kukho iingozi ezifumaneka kwiWebhu eMnyama, oku akwahlukanga kangako kwiWebhu engaphezulu (i-intanethi oyisebenzisayo ukufunda oku kuyo), ukuba uyazazi iingozi, njani yonke into. isebenza kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela, kufuneka ulunge njengemvula.

Ngayo yonke le nto engqondweni, namhlanje siza kuphonononga ngqo ukuba ungafikelela njani kwiWebhu eMnyama/i-Intanethi emnyama kunye nengqokelela yeengcebiso malunga nokuba ungahlala njani ukhuselekile kwaye ukhuselwe.

• Icandelo 1. 5 Iinyani ezothusayo malunga neWebhu eMnyama/i-Intanethi
• Icandelo 2. Ukufikelela njani kwiWebhu eMnyama / i-Intanethi emnyama
• Icandelo 3. Uya phi Xa kuBlack Web/Internet
• Icandelo 4. Iingcebiso ezi-5 ekufuneka zifundwe kuWebhu eMnyama/Ukhangelo lwe-Intanethi

Icandelo 1. 5 Iinyani ezothusayo malunga neWebhu eMnyama/i-Intanethi

Ukuze uqalise, nazi iinyani ezimangalisayo onokuthi ungazazi malunga neWebhu eMnyama/i-Intanethi emnyama ukukunceda ufumane umbono orhabaxa xa kufikwa ekuphenduleni umbuzo othi "yintoni iwebhu emnyama?"

#1 -Ngaphezu kwe-90% ye-Intanethi ayifumaneki ngoGoogle

Qwalasela ukuba uninzi lwesikhangeli sewebhu sikwi-injini yokukhangela. Ngaphezulu kwe-1 bhiliyoni yabantu kwihlabathi jikelele bakhangela ngaphezulu kwe-12 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni zophendlo olulodwa suku ngalunye kuGoogle kuphela, kwaye uya kubona ukuba ingakanani idatha ekhoyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa uGoogle yedwa enamaphepha ewebhu angaphezu kwe-35 yetriliyoni afakwe kwi-indexed emhlabeni jikelele, oku kubonisa kuphela malunga ne-4% ye-intanethi epheleleyo ekhoyo. Ubuninzi bomxholo bufihliwe kwiGoogle kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yiMnyama / Emnyama okanye iWebhu eNzululwazi kwaye ayifumaneki ngokupheleleyo ngeenjini zokukhangela.

#2 - Ngaphezulu kwe-3/4's yeTor Funding Ivela e-US

I-Tor, eyona nto iphambili kunye nesikhangeli esidumileyo esisetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwiWebhu eMnyama / Emnyama / Enzulu, bengazi kwabaninzi, ngokwenene sisiphumo senkqubo yoPhando noPhuhliso lomkhosi wase-US eyayixhasa ngemali kwaye yaphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokuqala eyathi kamva yaba yiWebhu eMnyama.

Ngapha koko, kude kube namhlanje, urhulumente wase-US ubeke iibhiliyoni zeedola kwiProjekthi yeTor kunye nephepha lewebhu elimnyama elinxulumeneyo kunye namaqonga, kwaye uqikelelo oluthile lubeka oku malunga ne-¾ yenkxaso-mali yeTor kubo bonke ubomi bayo.

Yiya kwiphepha labaxhasi beTor ngokwakho, kwaye uya kubona uninzi lwamasebe karhulumente wase-US ebandakanyekayo, kubandakanya i-Bureau yeDemokhrasi kunye namaLungelo oLuntu, kunye neZiseko zeSayensi zeSizwe ezivela kuwo wonke amazwe.

#3 - Iibhiliyoni zeedola zigqithiselwa ngeWebhu eMnyama rhoqo ngonyaka

Xa ujonga iWebhu ekwi-Surface kunye nazo zonke iivenkile zabo, iivenkile ezikwi-intanethi kunye namaqonga amakhulu okuthenga afana neAmazon kunye ne-eBay zenza kwaye zigqithise iitriliyoni zeedola kunyaka ngamnye kuntengiselwano kunye nokuthenga, iibhiliyoni zigqithiselwa kwiWebhu eMnyama rhoqo ngonyaka.

Ngokusetyenziswa kweemarike ze-intanethi, iinkonzo ze-hacker, kunye nentengiselwano ye-cryptocurrency, isixa esikhulu semali sigqithiselwa kwihlabathi lonke, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yezona ndawo zinengeniso yedijithali emhlabeni.

#4 - IiWebhusayithi eziMnyama zikhula ngokukhawuleza kuneWebhusayithi yeNethiwekhi yomphezulu

Ngenxa yobume bewebhusayithi ezimnyama ze-intanethi kunye nogcino lwephepha lewebhu elimnyama, la maqonga athanda ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunothungelwano lwakho lomphezulu oqhelekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba uluntu lweWebhu eMnyama luqhagamshelwe ngakumbi kuneewebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo kwaye xa iwebhusayithi entsha okanye iqonga liphuhliswa, abantu abaninzi bayakuva ngayo.

Xa kuthelekiswa, iiwebhusayithi ezintsha zivela ngalo lonke ixesha kwiWebhu yeSurface, kwaye ngenxa yokhuphiswano kunye namaqonga afana neenkqubo zentengiso ezihlawulwayo, kunzima kakhulu kubo ukuba bagqame.

#5 - U-Edward Snowden Usebenzise iWebhu emnyama ukuvuza iiFayile

Emuva ngo-2014, u-Edward Snowden waba ngundaba-mlonyeni kwihlabathi njengonokontraka wangaphambili weCIA owakhupha iinkcukacha malunga nophononongo lwemithombo yeendaba ezininzi ezazisenziwa ziiarhente zobuntlola zaseMelika kubemi bazo, abantu kunye namazwe kwihlabathi liphela.

Esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni iWebhu eMnyama ize emehlweni oluntu ukusukela oko u-Snowden evuza ulwazi ngeenethiwekhi zeWebhu eziMnyama. Yile ndlela abantu abaninzi beva ngayo ngeWebhu eMnyama.

Icandelo 2. Ukufikelela njani kwiWebhu eMnyama / i-Intanethi emnyama

Ukuba ujonge ukufikelela kwiWebhu eMnyama ngokwakho, ufike kwindawo elungileyo.

Apha ngezantsi, siza kuphonononga isikhokelo esipheleleyo senyathelo nenyathelo ekufuneka uyazi ukuze ufikelele kwiWebhu eMnyama ngokwakho usebenzisa iTor Browser.

Inyathelo #1: Fikelela kwindawo yeTor

Yiya kwiwebhusayithi yeTor Project kwaye ukhuphele iTor Browser.

Isikhangeli seTor siyafumaneka kwiMac, Windows, kunye neekhompyuter zeLinux, kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo ze-Android.

Inyathelo #2: Faka isikhangeli seTor

Nje ukuba ifayile ikhutshelwe, cofa ukuyivula kwaye uyifake kwikhompyuter yakho. Landela imiyalelo yesikrini.

Inyathelo #3: Seta isikhangeli seTor

Nje ukuba uyifakile, vula i icon yeTor Browser. Kwifestile elandelayo ukuze uvule, cofa ngokulula inketho ethi 'Qhagamshela' useto oluqhelekileyo lokuqhagamshela kwiNethiwekhi yeTor.

Ifestile yomkhangeli zincwadi iya kuvula, kwaye uya kuqhagamshelwa kwaye ulungele ukukhangela iWebhu eMnyama, ube nofikelelo olugcweleyo lwewebhu emnyama kwaye uqhube uphendlo lwewebhu emnyama kwaye ukhangele ukufumana into oyikhangelayo.

Icandelo 3. Uya phi Xa kuBlack Web/Internet

Ngoku ekubeni uqhagamshelwe kwiNethiwekhi yeTor, mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba zeziphi iiwebhusayithi ezimnyama ze-intanethi kunye namaqonga onokuthi uwandwendwele kwaye ungafumana ntoni ukukhangela kwiwebhu emnyama.

Ngezantsi, sithetha ngezinye zewebhusayithi ezilungileyo onokuthi ufikelele kuzo.

I-Blockchain yeBitcoins

Ukuba unokuqonda okanye unomdla kwiBitcoin, ke le yiwebhusayithi yakho. Le yenye yezona zipaji zidumileyo nezithembekileyo zeBitcoin kwiWebhu eMnyama, kwaye inonxibelelwano lweHTTPS ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuselwe ngelixa usebenzisa iqonga.

I-Wiki efihliweyo

Ngokungafaniyo noGoogle, awukwazi ukukhangela iwebhusayithi ofuna ukuyifumana kwaye uye ukukhangela; kuya kufuneka ufumane iiwebhusayithi ofuna ukuzijonga.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa i-directory efana ne-Hidden Wiki yindlela enhle yokukhangela iwebhu emnyama kwaye ufumane iiwebhusayithi ezidwelisiweyo ukuze ukhangele kwaye ufumane ukufikelela kwiwebhu emnyama kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile.

Oku kunokuba sisiqalo esihle sabaqalayo ukufumana indlela yabo.

I-Sci-Hub

I-Sci-Hub yiwebhusayithi emnyama yokukhangela iwebhu ezinikele ekwabelaneni nasekukhululeni ulwazi lwesayensi oluvela kwihlabathi liphela ukuze lufikeleleke kuye wonke umntu.

Kwisayithi ngexesha lokubhala, uya kufumana ngaphezulu kwe-50 yezigidi zamaphepha ophando kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo kunye nezifundo. Le webhusayithi imnyama isebenza ukusukela ngo-2011.

IProPublica

Ngokulula owona mthombo weendaba owaziwayo kunye nothembekileyo kwiwebhu emnyama, isayithi liye lanyuka njengewebhusayithi ye-onion emva kwe-2016 kwaye sele iphumelele i-Pulitzer Prize ngenxa yegalelo layo kwi-journalism kunye ne-media coverage.

Umbutho ongenzi nzuzo ujolise ekuqaqambiseni iingxaki kunye nemiba kwihlabathi jikelele xa kufikwa kubuqhophololo phakathi koorhulumente kunye nemibutho, kunye nokuphanda ihlabathi lezoshishino ekufuneni ubulungisa kunye namathuba okwazisa.

DuckDuckGo

Njengoko besesitshilo ngasentla, ukukhangela iWebhu eMnyama kwahluke kancinane ekuphendleni iWebhu engaphezulu, kwaye kufuneka wazi ukuba uyaphi ukuze ufike apho. Nangona kunjalo, i-injini yokukhangela yokukhangela engachazwanga iDuckDuckGo ijolise ukuyenza lula.

Ngokungafaniyo noGoogle, iDuckDuckGo ibonise umthamo omkhulu wamaphepha okukhangela amnyama ukuze uwafumane ngokulula. Kwakhona ngokungafaniyo neGoogle, i-injini yokukhangela yewebhu emnyama ayilandeli idatha yakho yokukhangela, imikhwa okanye ulwazi lokuphucula inkqubo yentengiso, okuthetha ukuba ungakhangela ngokungaziwa.

Icandelo 4. Iingcebiso ezi-5 ekufuneka zifundwe kuWebhu eMnyama/Ukhangelo lwe-Intanethi

Njengoko besesitshilo, ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu ngelixa ukhangela i-intanethi emnyama.

Ukuba awulumkanga okanye ukhumbule imiba kunye neengozi phaya, unokuzifumana ngokulula ukuba ubanjwe, kwaye oku kunokukhokelela kubusela bedatha, ikhompyutha eyosulelekileyo, okanye umonakalo kwinethiwekhi yakho.

Endaweni yoko, nazi iingcebiso ezintlanu ekufuneka uzazi ukuze uhlale ukhuselekile xa uzama ukungena kwiiwebhusayithi ezimnyama kunye namaqonga kwi-intanethi emnyama.

#1 - Sebenzisa iVPN

I-VPN, okanye iNethiwekhi yaBucala eneNgcaciso, sisicelo osisebenzisayo kwikhompyuter yakho ukukunceda ukonakalisa indawo yakho yedilesi ye-IP kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba unomaleko ongezelelweyo wokhuseleko, ngoko ke uyawunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekezwa, ukulandelwa, okanye ukuchongwa.

Isoftware ilula.

Ukuba ukhangela i-intanethi emnyama kwikhompyuter yakho eLondon, ungasebenzisa i-VPN ukonakalisa indawo yakho kwiseva yaseNew York. Ngale ndlela, ukuba nabani na uzama ukulandelela okanye ukubeka esweni itrafikhi yakho kwaye uzama ukukuchonga, uya kubonakala eNew York, kunedolophu yakho.

Isikhokelo sevidiyo: Useta njani iVPN ukukhangela iwebhu emnyama ngokukhuselekileyo

#2 - Sebenzisa amagama okugqithisa antsonkothileyo

Eli licebiso ekufuneka uliqhelile, kodwa phinda uphinde, ukuba ungena kwi-intanethi emnyama kwaye uneakhawunti kwinto ethile, qiniseka ukusebenzisa igama eliyimfihlo elintsonkothileyo. Ungaze usebenzise nantoni na equlethe ulwazi olunokufunyanwa lula ngawe.

Uya kumangaliswa ukuba bangaphi abantu abasebenzisa imihla yabo yokuzalwa kunye negama lezilwanyana zabo, kuphela ukuba olu lwazi lufumaneke lula kuFacebook.

Okukhona intsonkothileyo igama eligqithisiweyo le-intanethi elimnyama, kokukhona lingcono. Sebenzisa oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci, amanani, kunye neesimboli ukwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba inkqubo yekhompyuter okanye umntu aqikelele.

#3 - Jonga iiSetingi zaBucala

Kwi-browser yakho emnyama ye-intanethi, iiakhawunti zakho ze-intanethi, kunye neeprofayili kunye nekhompyuter yakho, thatha ixesha lokujonga useto lwakho lwabucala ukuze ubone ukuba luyintoni kwaye luwachaphazela njani amava akho okukhangela.

Ukuba ufuna ukuhlala ungaziwa ngokupheleleyo, qiniseka ukuba ucima umkhondo wewebhusayithi kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ikhompyuter yakho ayizigcini iindidi zeefayile ezinjengeCookies. Okukhona ubucala usenza amava akho okukhangela iincwadi, kokukhona ungaziwa.

#4 -Kuphephe ukukhuphela iiFayile kunye neziqhoboshelo

Ngokukhuphela ifayile okanye uncamathiselo kwi-intanethi emnyama, uvula amasango ukuvumela into ethile ukuba ichaphazele ikhompyuter yakho ngendlela engalunganga. Nokuvula imboniso yoxwebhu kwiprogram efakwe kwikhompyuter yakho inokwanela ukuba i-hacker iveze idilesi yakho yokwenyani ye-IP.

Ngaphandle kokuba uqiniseke ngokupheleleyo ngomthombo kunye nemvelaphi yefayile kwi-intanethi emnyama, soloko ukuphepha ukukhuphela kunye nokuzivula. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala ukhuselekile.

#5 - Sebenzisa i-Debit / Card Cards eyahlukileyo kwiNtengiselwano

Ukuba ujonge ukuthenga kwi-intanethi emnyama, ukubeka idebit okanye ulwazi lwekhadi letyala kwiwebhusayithi kunokuba yintshukumo enesibindi, kwaye ukuba idatha yakho igqekeziwe, yonke imali kwiakhawunti yakho kunye neenkcukacha zakho zobuqu kwi-akhawunti inokubiwa.

Njengomthetho wesithupha, kusoloko kungcono ukuvula i-akhawunti yebhanki ye-dummy apho unokufakela nje ukuba yimalini ekufuneka uyichithe, kwaye usebenzise elo khadi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle, akukho mali kwi-akhawunti yokuba, kwaye unokuvala nje i-akhawunti.

Ukuzihlangula

Nceda uqaphele ukuba yonke ingcaciso esiyidwelisiweyo kweli nqaku YEENJONGO ZEZEMFUNDO kuphela kwaye kufuneka iphathwe ngolo hlobo. Asikukhuthazi ukubandakanyeka okanye ukusebenzisana nomsebenzi ongekho mthethweni kubomi bokwenyani okanye kwi-intanethi emnyama, kwaye siyakunyanzela ukuba ukuphephe ngazo zonke iindleko.

Ukuba ukhetha ukwenza umsebenzi ongekho mthethweni, oko ukwenza ngomngcipheko wakho, kwaye asinaluxanduva ngeziphumo. Khumbula ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwizinto ezingekho semthethweni kwi-intanethi kunokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwakho, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekutshutshisweni kolwaphulo-mthetho, isohlwayo, kunye nentolongo.